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INSTRUCTIONS 



SPECIAL RIVER OBSERVERS 



SIGNAL SERVICE. 



SEVENTH EDITION 



WASHINGTON : 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIC 

J 889. 



--■ ■■- • / 



INSTRUCTIONS 



SPECIAL RIVER OBSERVERS 






SIGNAL SERVICE. 



SEVENTH EDITION. 



WASHINGTON: ," 
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 



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Signal Office, 

War Department, 

Washington, July i, 1889. 

The following instructions to special river observers of the 
Signal Service are published for the information and guidance 
of all concerned. 

A. W. GREELY, 

Chief Signal Officer. 



(3) 



INSTRUCTIONS 



TO 



Special River Observers of the United States 
Signal Service. 



The Signal Service has had in operation for many years a system 
of observations and reports of the stage of water in the principal 
rivers of the United States, by which the water level is reported 
daily to certain designated centers, and during hours of danger from 
floods, or extremely high water, these observations are taken and 
telegraphed as often as is considered' necessary for the public inter- 
ests. 

In the absence of floods, river commerce demands a knowledge of 
the volume of water in the tributaries of the principal rivers, to per- 
mit a determination of the future supply for purposes of navigation 
at points where the depth is sometimes insufficient. 

To meet these several demands the Chief Signal Officer is charged 
by law with the duty of establishing special stations at suitable 
points on the rivers included in the system. 

At meteorological stations located on rivers the observers take 
regular daily observations of the stage of water. At other points 
where readings are desired special observers are selected from citi- 
zens interested in the reports, who receive appointments from the 
central office at Washington. 

The duties required are not arduous and can be performed in con- 
nection with other vocations. They consist of taking and recording 
at stated hours, in a book provided for the purpose : (i) the depth 
of water in the river ; (2) the^ state of the weather ; (3) the direction 
of the wind ; (4) the amount of rain or snow-fall since the last 
observation; (5) time of beginning and ending of each fall of rain 
or snow ; (6) depth of unmelted snow on ground. 

The information, if sent by telegraph, is reduced to a brief dis- 
patch in cipher, as hereinafter described, which is delivered at the 
local telegraph office for transmission to the district center. If for- 
warded by mail, the report is entered on a postal card and addressed 
to the observer in charge of the section. 

The data collected in making these observations are preserved in 
permanent form for the benefit of the public, and observers are 
authorized to permit inspection and use of the same by all inter- 
ested persons. 

(5) 



6 

The number of observations to be taken daily will be determined 
by the chief signal officer or by the observer in charge of the section. 

The centers are located in cities where the reports can be most 
advantageously collected and published for the benefit of those 
interested in river commerce. 

INSTRUCTIONS. 

i. Special river observers will receive all their instructions from, 
and render all their reports and bills for services to, the observer in 
charge of the center. In accepting appointments they become the 
authorized agents of the United States, and are amenable to the laws 
in case of neglect of duty. They should take their observations with 
correctness and promptness, bearing in mind the importance of the 
duty. 

2. Each station will be supplied with : 

i river-gauge ; 

i wind-vane ; 

i rain-gauge and overflow attachment ; 

i Instructions to River Observers ; 

i book Form 203 (cipher telegraphic report); 
10 Form 261; ; 

60 Form 114 (monthly report) ; 
50 official envelopes, addressed Obs. Sig. Ser., etc ; 

1 quire letter paper ; 

2 lead-pencils ; 
20 pens ; 

1 cone black ink ; 

2 pen-holders. 

3. All articles, except the river-gauge, will be supplied from the 
section center. The stationery above enumerated will be the amount 
allowed for one year. 

4. The following-named articles are unexpendable, viz : river- 
gauge, rain-gauge and overflow, and wind-vane. When they become 
unserviceable from wear and tear or accident, the special observer 
will notify the obseryer in charge of the center and await his orders 
as to disposition of the property. 

In no case will the articles above mentioned be thrown away 
simply because they are unserviceable. 

5. Public property lost or destroyed must be accounted for by 
affidavit, or other satisfactory evidence. 

6. Observers will be required to mail, semi-annually, on the 30th 
day of June and the 31st day of December of each year, to the sec- 
tion center, a return of Signal Service property, form 26c. 

7. The observer in charge of the section will check and see that 
all articles at the special station have been taken up and reported 
thereon. 



7 

RIVER-GAUGE. 

8. The river-gauges used by the Signal Service are of four kinds, 
and are shown in figures i, 2, 3, and 4. The kind to be used will be 
decided upon after an examination of the local conditions has been 
made. 

9. The specifications to be followed in procuring bids for the con- 
struction of these gauges are as follows : 

SPECIFICATIONS FOR RIVER-GAUGE SHOWN IN FIGURE I. 

The river-gauge will be made of sound pine or oak timber, free 
from knots or shakes, 2 to 3 inches in thickness, 8 to 12 inches in 
width, and of such a length as to extend from 2 feet or more below 
the zero-point to 5 or more feet above the danger-line. The sides of 
the plank upon which the graduations are to be made will be planed 
smooth, and will receive two coats of the best white-lead paint. It 
will then be graduated as follows : 

Commencing at the point which will correspond to the zero, grad- 
uate the gauge both above and below that point into feet and tenths 
of feet. These graduations will be marked by placing copper tacks 
one-half inch long across the plank. 

' The foot-lines will be marked by placing the head of each tack not 
more than one-eighth of an inch apart. The heads of these tacks 
should be not less than one-fourth of an inch across the top. Each 
foot-mark will be further designated by copper figures not less than 
2 inches long by one inch in width. 

The figures will be securely fastened by copper nails over the 
central part of the division which they express. The five-tenths 
will be designated by tacks extending half the way across the plank 
while those for the tenths will be designated by tacks extending 
one-fourth the distance for the foot-marks. 

Having graduated the gauge, select a pile or other stationary 
object on some portion of the levee or wharf where the gauge will 
be secure from injury, and where it will not be left dry by low water. 
Lower the gauge into the water, taking care to keep it in a vertical 
position until it touches the bed of the river, or its zero is the point 
of lowest water, then securely fasten it by spikes. 

SPECIFICATIONS FOR RIVER-GAUGE SHOWN IN FIGURE 2. 

10. Procure a piece of pine or oak timber about 2 inches thick by 
10 inches in width, and of sufficient length to cover the full range of 
the river between extreme low and high-water marks. This timber 
will be placed in the river-bank, the broad side vertical, firmly im- 
bedded in the earth, leaving 1% inches of its width exposed above 
the level of the ground. 

The upper edge should be planed smooth, and graduated in feet 
and tenths of a foot after being placed in position, taking the point 



8 

of lowest water, or that which has been selected as the zero of the 
scale, locating the feet and tenths both above and below that point. 
The graduations for this gauge will be the same as those authorized 
for the gauge shown in figure i. Especial pains should be taken in 
graduating the gauge to see that the distances marked off upon it 
for each foot and its subdivision correspond exactly to a vertical foot 
and its subdivision, of which it is the measure. This can readily be 
done by means of an ordinary carpenter's square and a spirit-level. 

SPECIFICATIONS FOR RIVER GAUGE SHOWN IN FIGURE 3. 

11. Where a stone pier or abutment is available, a very durable 
gauge can be made by dressing a face one foot wide, and perpendic- 
ular to the water-line, from extreme low water to the top of the pier 
or abutment. The dressed surface should be painted two coats of 
the best black paint, after all holes and indentations in the pier have 
been filled by cement. 

The space both above and below the point at which the zero will 
be placed is to be graduated into feet and tenths. The figures indi- 
cating the foot-marks to be not less than 2 inches in height, painted 
white, and placed as shown in figure 3. The half-foot marks to be 
indicated by lines painted in red; those for tenths to be painted white. 
The lines representing the foot-marks, the half-foot marks, and the 
tenths to be exactly one-fourth of an inch in width. 

SPECIFICATIONS FOR RIVER GAUGE SHOWN IN FIGURE 4. 

12. Where a permanent sloping bank or levee is available, a gauge 
can be made of stone in the following manner : 

Blocks of stone, with one corner dressed to a right angle, should 
be placed in the bank or levee, like the steps of a stair. If it is nec- 
essary to place the gauge where there is heavy teaming, each block 
should have a rise of one-half of a foot ; in the absence of traffic, a 
rise of one foot to each block may be given. 

The foot-marks should be cut*in the top of each block, and the 
tenths in the perpendicular face. 

13. River observations must be made and reported with regularity 
and accuracy. 

When an observer is compelled to intrust this duty to another, he 
should impress upon the person selected the importance of taking 
great care in making the observations. 

RAIN-GAUGE. 

14. The rain-gauge must be placed, whenever practicable, with the 
top of the funnel-shaped collector twelve inches above the surface 
of the ground, firmly fixed in a vertical position, and protected from 
the interference of unauthorized persons. It must be examined 
at the time of making each observation, the amount of water it 



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if, pile of wharf, levee or bridge. 

K, pine scantling divided in 
feet and tenths of a foot. 

S, iron or copper strap fasten- 
ed to edge of scantling, with ser- 
rated or notched edge, indicating 
feet and tenths of a foot corres- 
ponding to divisions painted on 
scantling. 



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A, a plank to be graduated in feet and 
tenths of a foot, after insertion in bank, 
by means of the upright meat>uring-rod 
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D, pier or abutment of bridge. 

E, dressed face of same, perpendicular 
to water-line, divided into feet and tentba 
of a foot. 



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9 

contains carefully measured by means of the measuring-stick sent 
with the gauge, and then emptied and returned to its proper position. 

When a position on the ground with a sufficiently clear exposure, 
cannot be found, the gauge should be placed upon the roof of a 
building. 

The measuring-rod is graduated in inches and tenths. The pro- 
portion between the cylinder and funnel is as one to ten, so that ten 
inches upon the rod correspond to one inch of actual rainfall, one 
inch on the rod to one-tenth of rain, and one-tenth on the rod to 
one-hundredth of rain. 

Example : If the rod indicates four and two-tenths (4.20) inches 
of water in the gauge 5 , then forty-two (0.42) hundredths of an inch 
of rainfall will be recorded on Form 114. Always divide the amount 
of water in the gauge, as shown by the measuring-stick, by ten, and 
the result will be the amount of rainfall. 

15. The rain that has fallen since the last observation will be 
measured as near the time of taking the river observation as prac- 
ticable. When the amount is less than one-hundredth of an inch it 
will be indicated by the letter "T" in the proper space on Form 114. 

A careful record will be kept of the times of the beginning and 
ending of precipitation ; intervals of fifteen minutes, or less, between 
the times of ending and re-commencement not being considered 
except near observation time. 

In the warm months of the year the rate of evaporation often 
exceeds that of precipitation. When this is the case, and when rain- 
fall has occurred since the last observation and ceases before the 
next observation, it will be measured and recorded as soon as it 
ceases. 

SNOW-FALL. 

16. Snow must be melted, then measured and recorded in the same 
manner as rain. 

When rain and snow occur on the same day the amount of melted 
snow in inches and hundredths must be added to the rainfall, and 
the sum entered in the proper space for the day on Form 114. A 
measurement of the show before melting should be made in inches 
and tenths, and entered in the proper space for the day in the col- 
umn headed "Depth of snow on ground." 

17. In addition to measuring the amount of snowfall since last 
observation and reporting it, a measurement will be made of the 
actual depth, in inches, of the snow on the ground, not taking into 
consideration the period during which it fell. This amount will be 
included in the message containing the observation. It will be 
expressed by the words one, two, three, four, etc. 

18. The word to express this amount will be next to the last word 
In the cipher-message. For example, if the average depth of snow 



10 

on the ground is five inches, the observer will write the word "five" 
in the proper space on Form 203. If the snow measures fourteen 
inches the word "fourteen" will be written, etc., .care being taken to 
express these quantities always by words and never by figures. 

WIND-VANE. 

19. The vane must be exposed where the wind can act freely upon 
it from all directions. Observations of the wind require some care. 
When the wind is so light as not to disturb the leaves of trees it may 
be considered as calm and so recorded. In a calm there is no wind 
and consequently no direction. The attention of observers is called 
to this fact so as to prevent their recording^ a direction of wind 
during a calm. 

20. Wind direction will be designated by the eight, principal points 
of the compass, viz : N., NE, E., SE., S., SW., W., and NW. 

21. Wind-vanes will not be furnished stations where the observer 
can determine the direction of the wind from a vane on a building 
in the vicinity. 

22. In using the instructions contained in the following paragraphs, describ- 
ing when observations are to be taken and how dispatched, observers will be 
governed by those paragraphs in which the blank spaces are filled up. 

TIME OF OBSERVATIONS. 

23. The river observation at 

will be taken at 8 a. m., 75th meridian time, which corresponds to 

m., local time - 

and transmitted by to 



24. When the rise has been or more feet during the 

past twenty-four hours, or the rainfall equals or exceeds 

inches, or when ordered by observer, 

the observation will be enciphered and tele- 
graphed to observer .___ 

25. When special reports are sent, as mentioned in the previous 
paragraph, and a report has not been telegraphed in the past twenty- 
four hours, they must show, besides the stage of water at the time 
of observation, the total change (either rise or fall) in the twenty- 
four hours immediately preceding. This information will be given 
by adding to the regular report the cipher-words indicating the 
change, always placing them immediately before the name of the 
observer. For example: If the river has fallen two feet, six-tenths, 
then the cipher-words would be "two, six, fall;" if it has risen ten 
feet, four tenths, then the words "ten, four, rise," would be added. 
If a report has been telegraphed in the past twenty-four hours this 
change will not be reported. 



Rg.5. 




11 

SPECIAL OBSERVATIONS. 

26. When the rise of the water is gradual the observation made at 
8 a. m., 75th meridian time, daily, will be sufficient. When a rise is 
sudden and dangerous, or when special reports are called for by the 

observer at 1 , other readings 

should be taken and telegraphed to observer 

27. The observer at is authorized to 

call for special telegrams from your station. In such cases he will 
specify the number of reports to be taken each day and the period 
they are to continue. 

Example : 

Pittsburg, Pa., March 10, 1889. 
To Observer, 

Morgantown, W. Va. 
Send special observations at 9 a. m., 12 m., and 6 p. m., this date. 



Observer* 

28. All observations must be taken promptly at the hours desig- 
nated, immediately enciphered, and sent to the observer calling for 
them. The local time corresponding to 75th meridian time will be 
found in the table on page . 

29. All observations must be made on 75th meridian time. 

30. Special telegrams of the formation or breaking up of ice- 
gorges, the presence of floating-ice when liable to gorge, of heavy 
drift or other obstructions in the river, when of sufficient extent to 
endanger navigation or destroy property, will be sent to the observer 

at , giving in as few words 

as possible the location and extent of the dam, break, or obstruction. 

31. A report will also be sent to observer ■_ 

on the closing of navigation, by the river freezing over, and of the 
opening of the same. 

ENCIPHERING REPORTS. 

32. Telegraphic reports will be sent in the cipher accompanying 
these instructions, and in the manner explained in paragraph 34. 
When the river is rising at the time of observation the cipher-words ■ 
in the column headed "rise" will be used; when it is falling, those in 
the column headed "fall." 

^t,. Reports must be printed on Form 203, which will be made in 
duplicate. One copy will be given to the local telegraph operator, 
and the other retained by the special observer. The messages must 
be filed at the telegraph office within fifteen minutes after the time 
of taking the observation. 

34. Reports for telegraphic transmission will be enciphered on 
Form 203, as follows: 



12 

The first space will contain the word " observer;" the second the 
name of the place to which the report is to be telegraphed; the third 
the name of the station from which the report is telegraphed; the 
fourth the cipher-word for the date and time of the report; the 
fifth the word to indicate the direction of wind and state of weather; 
the sixth the word for the depth of water ; the seventh the amount 
of rainfall; the eighth the depth of unmelted snow in inches; and 
ninth the surname of the observer sending the report. If there is 
no snow on the ground,, the name of the observer will go in the eighth 
space. If no rain has fallen, his name will go in the seventh space. 

35. The following is an example of an enciphered report with the 
translation. The water is supposed to be above the zero of gauge 
and the ground covered with snow: 

Example. 
[Form No. 203.] War Department, Signal Service. 

River observation taken at Clinton, Tenn., on March 1, 1889, at 8 a. m., 

75t/i meridian time. 



1 

Observer. 


2 
Chattanooga. 


3 
Clinton. 


4 
Baby. 


5 
Home. 


6 

Schedule. 


7 8 9 


10 













Handed to operator 7.45 a. m., local time. 

Note. — Operators will send only the matter inside the lines. 



translation. 

Observer ) Address of Signal Service observer at Chattanooga, 

Chattanooga. _ j Tenn. 

Clinton — Name of river station at Clinton, Tenn. 

-d -> j Date of report First day of the month. 

( Time of observation, 75th meridian time 8 o'clock a m. 

Tj ( State of weather Rain. 

' \ Direction of wind . _ _ . Northwest. 

Schedule \ Sta § e of water in the river 12 -5 f eet - 

1 River rising 

Rabbit — Amount of rainfall, .01 of an inch. 

Ten — Depth of unmelted snow on the ground, ten inches. 

Jones — Name of river observer. 

The following is an example of an enciphered report,' followed by 
the translation, when the river is below the zero of the gauge and 
there is no snow on the ground : 



13 



Example. 
[Form No. 203.] War Department, Signal Service. 

River observation taken at Helena, Ark., on April 20, 1889, at 8 a. m., 75//? 

meridian time. 



1 

1 2 
Observer. Memphis. 


3 
Helena. 


4 
Bear. 


5 
Hidden. 


6 
Kitten. 


7 
Smith. 


8 


9 


10 









Handed to operator 7.20 a. m., local time. 

Note. — Operators will send only the matter inside the lines. 

TRANSLATION. 

tit m -, • y Address of observer at Memphis, Tenn. 

Memphis \ r ' 

Helena — Name of river station at Helena, Ark. 

-d j Date Twentieth day of the month. 

( Time of observation, 75th meridian time . _ 8 o'clock a. m. 

rj.ii j State of weather" Cloudless. 

( Direction of wind West. 

tt-.. , j Height of water below zero of gauge. . j 2 feet and 8- 

( River falling ( tenths of a foot. 

Smith — Name of river observer at Helena. 

ENCIPHERING SPECIAL REPORTS. 

36. Special reports will be telegraphed in the same manner as 
reports of regular observations, by using the proper cipher word to 
express the date and time of observation. 

MONTHLY REPORTS. 

37. Form 114 (monthly report) will be filled up in duplicate as the 
headings of the several columns indicate. One copy will be for- 
warded to observer , and the other 

retained for file and reference. When more than one observation 
is taken daily, a Form 114 will be used for each series of observa- 
tions — that is, all the regular observations will be entered on one 
form and all the special observations on an additional one. 

38. Great care must be taken to enter all the observations, as 
these monthly reports are used in auditing the account of the 
observer. 

39. On the last day of the month during which observations have 

been taken, each river observer will mail to observer 

, Cop of Form.. 114, properly filled up, 

and also all retained copies of Form 203. A bill for services should 



14 

be rendered quarterly, on the first day of January, April, July, and 
October, for the services rendered during the three months ending 
the previous day. 

40. Observers will not prepay telegrams on official business, as 
settlement will be made by the Central Office direct with the tele- 
graph company sending the reports. 

41. All official telegrams should be marked collect government 

RATE. 

42. The Chief Signal Officer reserves the right of withholding 
payment from an observer who neglects to make his reports accu- 
rately and forward them promptly. 

43. Observations will be made on Sundays and holidays as on 
other days, and forwarded at the regular hours. 

44. Official communications by mail should be addressed to the 

Observer, Signal Service, , by telegraph 

Observer, 

45. The necessary blank forms, stationery, etc., will be furnished 
observers by the section centers. Timely requisitions will be made 

upon Observer for additional blanks 

and stationery whenever required. 



tenth of a foot, 
tenths 



TABLE FOR CONVERTING INCHES INTO TENTHS OF A FOOT. 

46. If the river-gauge is graduated in feet and inches, the inches 
may be converted into tenths of a foot by consulting the following 
table : 

1 inch of water equals one 

2 inches " two 

3 " " three 

4 " " three 

5 " " four 

6 " " five 

7 " " six 
• 8 " " seven 

9 " " eight 

10 " " eight 

11" " nine 

47. When the river is frozen and observations cannot be made, the 
word "frozen" will be entered in the proper space on Form 114. 



CIPHER. 



48. The following cipher will be used in enciphering reports for 
he purpose of telegraphing : 



15 



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17 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 



Rise, 



River below zero of gauge. 

(Sixth, space in Form 203.) 



Jut (below zero) 4 feet 

Just * 9 tenths 

Junk 8 tenths 

June 7 tenths 

Jump 6 tenths 

Juggler 5 tenths 

Judge 4 tenths 

Jot 3 tenths 

Joke 2 tenths 

John 1 tenth 

Jogging (below zero) & feet Quiet 



Fall. 

Quorum 
Quoting 
Quoter 
Quoin 
.Quire 
Quip 
.Quinine 
Quince 
. Quinate 
OuilL 



Jockey 9 tenths 

Jobber 8 tenths . 



Quidam 
Quicken 
Quibble 



7 tenths 
. 6 tenths _. Questor 

5 tenths Quest 

. 4 tenths Quench 



tenths 



Jimmy 
Jill ___ 
Jigger 
Jib .... 
Jewess 

Jew h . __2 tenths. 

Jetty 1 tenth 

Jest (below zero) 52 feet _ _ 

Jerk 9 tenths 

Jenny _ _ 1 8 tenths 

Jean 7 tenths 

Jay 6 tenths . 

Jaw 5 tenths 

Javel 4 tenths . 

Jaunt 3 tenths 

Jaunce 2 tenths . 

Jasper 1 tenth 

Jar (below zero) . 1 foot Quaintly 

Jape 9 tenths Quaint 

Japan 8 tenths Quailing 



Queenly 
. Queen 
Quay 
.Quaver 
Quarter 
.Quoit 
Quash 
.Quart 
Quarrel 
.Quality 
Qualify 
.Quaking 
Ouake 



Jane 

James 

Jalap 

Jailor 

Jagged 

Jade . 

Jack (below zero) 



7 tenths Quail 

. 6 tenths Quaffing 

5 tenths Quaff er 

.4 tenths Quaff 

3 tenths Quadrant 

. 2 tenths Question 

1 tenth Quack 



959—2 



18 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 

River above zero of gauge. 

Rise. Fall. 

Sabal ..©feet Tab 

Sabbath i tenth Tabbard 

Sabine 2 tenths ; Tabby 

Sabre 3 tenths . Table 

Sachem i 4 tenths Tablet 

Sack 5 tenths Tabling 

Sacket 6 tenths Taboo 

Sackful 7 tenths Taboret 

Sacking 8 tenths 1 Tabular 

Sackless 9 tenths Tabulate 

Sacrifice 1 foot . Tacking 

Sacrilege 1 tenth Tackle 

Sad 2 tenths Tact 

Sadden 3 tenths Tactics 

Saddle 4 tenths Taffy 

Safe 5 tenths Tag 

Safeguard 6 tenths Tailor 

Safely 7 tenths Taint 

Saf eness 8 tenths Taintless 

Safford 9 tenths Tainture 

Sagacious 2 feet Talent 

Sagely 1 tenth Tales 

Sagging 2 tenths Talk 

Said 3 tenths Talking 

Sail 4 tenths Taller 

Sailing 5 tenths Tallness 

Sailor 6 tenths Talon 

Saintly 7 tenths Talus 

Sake 8 tenths Tamarin 

Salabel 9 tenths Tame 

Salad 3 feet Tamer 

Salary 1 tenth Tamp 

vSalem 2 tenths Tamper 

Salesman 3 tenths Tamping 

Salient 4 tenths Tandem 

Salina 5 tenths Tangent 

Salivate 6 tenths Tangible 

Sallow 7 tenths Tangle 

Sally 8 tenths Tangly 

Salmon 9 tenths Tangram 

Salting 4: feet Tankard 

All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 

Note. — The above cipher-words will also be used in enciphering the change in the 
depth of the river, as well as the depth, as called for by paragraph 59. 



19 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 

River above zero of gauge. 

Eise. Fall. 

Saltish i tenth Tanner 

Saltness 2 tenths Tanning 

Salty 3 tenths Tansy 

Salute 4 tenths Tantamount 

Saluda 5 tenths Tape 

Salvage 6 tenths Taper 

Salve 7 tenths Tapestry 

Salvia 8 tenths Tapish 

Salvor 9 tenths Tardy 

Sameness «i feet Targum 

Samite 1 tenth Tariff 

Samlet 2 tenths Tarnish 

Sample 3 tenths Tarry 

Sampson 4 tenths Tarsal 

Sam 5 tenths Tart 

Samuel 6 tenths Tartar 

Sanborn 7 tenths Tartish 

Sanctum 8 tenths Tartly 

Sand 9 tenths Tartness 

Sanders © feet Taste 

Sandford 1 tenth Tasteful 

Sandish 2 tenths Tasteless 

Sandwich 3 tenths Tasting 

Sandy 4 tenths Tasty 

Sane 5 tenths Tatter 

Saneness 6 tenths Tattle 

Sanguine 7 tenths Tattoo 

Sanity * 8 tenths Taught 

Sap 9 tenths Taunt^ 

Sapless 7 feet Tawny 

Sapling 1 tenth Tax 

Sapper 2 tenths Taxable 

Sappy 3 tenths Taxation 

Sarcasm 4 tenths _ _ . Taxless 

Sardine 5 tenths Tea 

Sardonic 6 tenths Teach 

Sash 7 tenths Teaching 

Satan l 8 tenths Teachless 

Satanic 9 tenths Team 

Satilla 8 feet Tear 

All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



y 



20 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 

River above zero of gauge. 

Rise. Fall. 

Satinet i tenth Tedious 

Satire 2 tenths Teeth 

Satisfy 3 tenths Telegram 

Satrap 4 tenths Telephone 

Saturate 1 5 tenths Tell 

Saturday 6 tenths Teller 

Saturn 7 tenths Telling 

Sauce 8 tenths Temperance 

Saucepan 9 tenths Temperate 

Saucy 9 feet Temple 

Saul 1 tenth Tempt 

Saunter 2 tenths Tenance 

Sausage 3 tenths Tenant 

Savage 4 tenths Tend 

Savant 5 tenths Tendance 

Save 6 tenths Tender 

Saville 7 tenths Tendril 

Saving 8 tenths Tendron 

Savana 9 tenths Tenement 

Savoy . . 1 © feet Tense 

Sawfish 1 tenth Tensely 

Sawyer 2 tenths . _ Tensile 

Saxon 3 tenths Tension 

Say 4 tenths Tent 

Saying 5 tenths Tentful 

vScab 6 tenths Tenth 

Scabbard 7 tenths Tenting 

Scaffold . 8 tenths Tenure 

Scald 9 tenths Tepid 

Scalp 11 feet Terminal 

Scaly 1 tenth Termless 

Scamble 2 tenths Terrell 

Scamp 3 tenths Terrible 

Scamper : 4 tenths Terrify 

Scandal 5 tenths Terry 

Scantling 6 tenths Test 

Scantly 7 tenths Testable 

Scape 8 tenths Testament 

Scarce 9 tenths Testate 

Scarf . _ 12 feet Testing 

All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



21 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 



River above zero of gauge. 



Eise. 



Scarlet i 

Scathe 2 

Scatter 3 

Scene 4 

Schedule 5 

Scheme 6 

Scholar 7 

School ." 8 

Schooner 9 

Scorch 1 

Scorn 1 

Scornful 2 

Scottish 3 

Scotland 4 

Scott 5 

Scoundrel 6 

Scour 7 

Scourge . 8 

Scout 9 

Scowl 1 

Scrambled 1 

Scrambling 2 

Scrap 3 

Scraper 4 

Scraping 5 

Scratch 6 

Scrawl 7 

Scream 8 

Screw 9 

Scribe 1 

Script 1 

Scripture 2 

Scrivner 3 

Scrofula 4 

Scroll 5 

Scrub 6 

Scrubbed 7 

Scrubby 8 

Scruple 9 

Scully 1 



Fall, 
tenth Tether 

tenths Teuton 

tenths Texas 

tenths Text 

tenths Textile 

tenths Texture 

tenths Thaler 

tenths Than 

tenths Thanks 

3 feet That 

tenth Thatcher 

tenths Thaw 

tenths Thee 

tenths Theatre 

tenths Theban 

tenths Theft 

tenths Theme 

tenths Then 

tenths Thence 

4 feet Therein 

tenth Thereof 

tenths Thermal 

tenths Thesis 

tenths They 

tenths Thick 

tenths Thicken 

tenths Thicket 

tenths Thickly 

tenths Thickness 

& feet Thigh 

tenth Thimble 

tenths Thime 

tenths Thing 

tenths Think 

tenths Thinker 

tenths Thinking 

tenths Thinly 

tenths Thinness 

tenths Thinning 

©feet Thirst 



All cipher- words must be printed distinctly. 



22 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 

River above zero of gauge. 

Rise. Fall. 

Sculpin i tenth Thirsty 

Sculptor '___■_ 2 tenths This 

Sculpture 3 tenths Thistle 

Scum 4 tenths Thither 

Scurvy 5 tenths Thomas 

Scuttle 6 tenths Thompson 

Scythe 7 tenths Thorn 

Seaboard 8 tenths Thorndike 

Seaford 9 tenths Thornton 

Seamless 17 feet Thorough 

Seaside 1 tenth Those 

Season 2 tenths Though 

Seaton 3 tenths Thought 

Seaville . 4 tenths Thoughtful 

Sebate 5 tenths Thousand 

Sebago 6 tenths Thrall 

Secede 7 tenths Thralldom 

Seclude 8 tenths Thrash 

Second 9 tenths Thread 

Section 18 feet Thribble 

Secular 1 tenth Thrice 

Secure : . . 2 tenths Thrift 

Sedalia 3 tenths Thrive 

Sedan 4 tenths Throat 

Sedate 5 tenths Throb 

Sedge . 6 tenths Throne 

Sedgewick 7 tenths Throng 

Sedition 8 tenths Throttle 

Seduce 9 tenths Through 

Seek 19 feet Thud 

Seeking 1 tenth Thug 

Seem 2 tenths Thumb 

Seeming 3 tenths Thump 

Seemly 4 tenths .... . . Thunder 

Segment 5 tenths Thurl 

Seize 6 tenths Thurlow 

Seizure 7 tenths Thurman 

Selby 8 tenths ... Thursday 

Seldom 9 tenths Thus 

Selfish *2© feet Thyself 

All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



23 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 
River above zero of gauge. 

Kise. Fall. 

Sell i tenth Ticket 

Selma 2 tenths Ticklish 

Semblance 3 tenths Tidal 

Semble 4 tenths Tide 

Seminate 5 tenths Tideless 

Senate 6 tenths Tidings 

Senator 7 tenths Tidy 

Send 8 tenths Tierce 

Sending 9 tenths Tiff 

Sense _ 31 feet Tif ton 

Senseless 1 tenth Tiger 

Sensible 2 tenths Tight 

Sensive 3 tenths Tighten 

Sensor 4 tenths Tightness 

Sentence 5 tenths Tigress 

Sentiment : 6 tenths Tilden 

Sentine 7 tenths Tillage 

Sentinel 8 tenths Tilt 

Sentry 9 tenths Tilting 

September !S3 feet Timid 

Septic 1 tenth Timothy 

Sequence 2 tenths Tin 

Seraph 3 tenths Tincture 

Serenade 4 tenths Tindall 

Serene 5 tenths Tinge 

Serf 6 tenths Tingley 

Serfage 7 tenths Tinker 

Sergeant 8 tenths Tinkle 

Series 9 tenths Tinman 

Serpent SO feet Tinney 

Serval 1 tenth Tioga 

Servant 2 tenths Tip 

Serve • 3 tenths Tipton 

Service 4 tenths Tipple 

Servive 5 tenths Tipsy 

Serving 6 tenths Tiptoe 

Servitude 7 tenths Tiptop 

Session 8 tenths Tirade 

Set 9 tenths Tiresome 

Settle 34 feet Tither 

All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



21 

RIVER. REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 



River above zero of gauge. 

Eise. 
Settlement i tenth 

Settler 2 tenths 

Settling 3 tenths 
Seventh ' 4 tenths 



tenths 



Sever. 
Several . . 
Severance 

Sew 

Sewage 

Sewing __SI«Sfeet 

Sex 1 tenth 



Fall. 
Tithly 
.Title 
Titmouse 
Titular 
Titus 



6 tenths Toad 

7 tenths Toast 

8 tenths Toasting 

9 tenths Tobacco 
Toil 

, Toilet 



Sextant 2 tenths Toilful 

Sextile 3 tenths Toiling 

Sexton 4 tenths Toilsome 

Shabby 5 tenths Token 

Shackle 6 tenths Told 

Shad 7 tenths Toleston 

Shaddock 8 tenths Tolerate 

Shading 9 tenths Tom 

Shaft SMS feet Tombless 

Shaggy 1 tenth Tomboy 

Shake 2 tenths Tompkins 

Shaken 3 tenths Tone 

Shall 4 tenths Toneless 

Shallow 5 tenths Tongs 

Shamble 6 tenths Tongue 

Shambling 7 tenths Tonic 

Shame 8 tenths Tonnage 

Shameful 9 tenths Tonsil 

Shanghai 27 feet Tool 

Shanks 1 tenth Topaz 

Shannon 2 tenths Topic 

Shanty 3 tenths Topless 

Shape 4 tenths Topmast 

Shapeless 5 tenths Topping 

Share 6 tenths Torch 

Sharp 7 tenths Torment 

Sharpen 8 , tenths Tornado 

Sharply 9 tenths Torpedo 

Shaver 28 feet Torrent 



All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



25 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 
River abGve zero of gauge. 

Rise. Fall. 

Shaving i tenth Torrid 

Shaw V 2 tenths Torsion 

Shawl 3 tenths Tortive 

Shawnee 'j.~ 4 tenths Tortoise 

She 5 tenths Torture 

Sheaf . 6 tenths Tory 

Shear 7 tenths ' Toss 

Shearing '. 8 tenths Tossing 

Sheathe 9 tenths Total 

Shedding '____' S@ feet . Tough 

Sheep i tenth Toughly 

Sheepish 2 tenths Toughness 

Sheepy 3 tenths Tour 

Sheet 4 tenths Tournament 

Shelburne 5 tenths Tow 

Shelby _ 6 tenths Towage 

Sheldon 7 tenths Towanda 

Shelf 8 tenths Towards 

Shell 9 tenths Towing 

Shelly ", 3© feet Townsend 

Shelter 1 tenth Town 

Shelve 2 tenths Township 

Shelving 3 tenths Townsman 

Shepherd 4 tenths . Towser 

Sheridan 5 tenths Toy 

Sheriff 6 tenths Toy f ul 

Sherman 7 tenths Toyish 

Sherry 8 tenths _ v Toyman 

Sherwood 9 tenths Trace 

Shiftless '_ . 8 1 feet _ : 1 : Track 

Shilling 1 tenth Trackless 

Shiloh 2 tenths . Tracy 

Shindle 3 tenths Trade 

Shine : 4 tenths . - Tradesman 

Shingle 5 tenths Tradition 

Shining 6 tenths Traduce 

Ship 7 tenths Traffic 

Shipman _/ 8 tenths Tragedy 

Shipment 9 tenths Tragic 

Shirt 33 feet Trait 

All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



26 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 
River above zero of gauge. 

Eise. Fall. 

Shirtless i tenth Traitor 

Shiver 2 tenths Trammel 

Shoal 3 tenths Tramp 

Shock 4 tenths Trample 

Shocking- 5 tenths Tramway 

Shoddy 6 tenths Trance 

Shoe 7 tenths Tranquil 

Shoeless 1 8 tenths Transact 

Shoot 9 tenths Transcend 

Shorn 33 feet Transfer 

Shorten 1 tenth Transfix 

Shortly 2 tenths Transform 

Shortness 3 tenths Transgress 

Should . 4 tenths Tranship 

Shoulder 5 tenths Transient 

Shout _- . 6 tenths Transit 

Shouting 7 tenths Translate 

Shovel 8 tenths Transmit 

Shower 9 tenths Transom 

Showy 34 feet Transport 

Shred 1 tenth Transpose 

Shrewd 2 tenths Trap 

Shrewdly 3 tenths Trapeze 

Shrewdness .' 4 tenths Trapper 

Shrill 5 tenths Trappings 

Shrink 6 tenths Trash 

Shrinkage 7 tenths Travel 

Shroud ■ 8 tenths Traverse 

Shroudless 9 tenths Tray 

Shrubless 35 feet Treason 

Shrug 1 tenth Treasure 

Shrunken 2 tenths Treasury 

Shuck 3 tenths Treat 

Shucking 4 tenths Treatise 

Shudder 5 tenths Treatment 

Shuffle 6 tenths Treaty 

Shuffling 7 tenths Treble 

Shumac 8 tenths Tree 

Shun 9 tenths Trellis 

Shut 30 feet Tremor 

All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



27 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 

River above zero of gauge. 

Rise. Fall. 

Shuttle i tenth Trench 

Shy 2 tenths Trend 

Shyness 3 tenths Trenton 

Siam 4 tenths Trespass 

Sibley 5 tenths Trestle 

Sicily 6 tenths Trial 

Sicken 7 tenths Tribe 

Sickish 8 tenths* Tribunal 

Sickle 9 tenths Tribune 

Siddons - »7 feet Trifle 

Side 1 tenth Trigger 

Siding 2 tenths Trill 

Sidney 3 tenths Trillion 

Siege 4 tenths Trimley 

Sieve 5 tenths Trimmer 

Sift 6 tenths Trimming 

Sifter 7 tenths Trinity 

vSigel 8 tenths Triplet 

Sigh 9 tenths Tripod 

Sightful 38 feet Trojan 

Sightless 1 tenth Trombone 

Sightly . 2 tenths Troop 

Sigma 3 tenths Trophy 

Sign 4 tenths Tropic 

Signal 5 tenths Trot 

Signature 6 tenths Trouble 

Signers 7 tenths Trousers 

Signet 8 tenths Trout 

Signify 9 tenths Trowel 

Silent 39 feet Trudge 

Silently 1 tenth True 

Silex 2 tenths Trumbull 

Silk 3 tenths Trueman 

Silky 4 tenths Trumpet 

Sillon 5 tenths Trundle 

Silver 6 tenths Trunk 

Similar 7 tenths Trusion 

Simmer . 8 tenths Truss 

Simmons 9 tenths Trustee 

Simpless 40 feet Truthful 



All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



28 
RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 



River above zero of gauge. 



Rise. 



Fall. 



Simpleton i 

Simplify 2 

Simply 3 

Simulate i 4 

Sin 5 

Since 6 

Sincere 7 

Sindon *.? 8 

Sinclair 9 

Sinful . . 4 

Sing 1 

Singer 2 

Single 3 

Singly 4 

Singular 5 

Sinister 6 

Sink 7 

Sinless 8 

Sinner 9 

Sioux . 4 

Sipping 1 

Siphon 2 

Sipid 3 

Sippet 4 

Sisson 5 

Sister 6 

Sitka 7 

Situate 8 

Sixpence 9 

Skate 4 

Skein 1 

Skeleton 2 

Skeptic 3 

Sketch 1 4 

Skiff 5 

Skillful 6 

Skill 4 7 

Skilled... 8 

Skillet 9 

vSkipper 



tenth Truthless 

tenths Truxton 

tenths Trying 

tenths Tub 

tenths Tubing 

tenths Tuft 

tenths Tulip 

tenths Tumble 

tenths Tumid 

1 feet Tune 

tenth Tuneful 

tenths Tuneless 

tenths Tunnel 

tenths Turban 

tenths Turf 

tenths Turfless 

tenths Turk 

tenths Turkey 

tenths Turn 

S feet Turning 

tenth Turnip 

tenths Turret 

tenths Turtle 

tenths Tuscan 

tenths Tussock 

tenths Tutor 

tenths Twain 

tenths Twelfth 

tenths Twice 

3 feet Twin 

tenth Twist 

tenths Ugly 

tenths Ulan 

tenths Ulcer 

tenths Ultimate 

tenths Ultimo 

tenths Ultra 

tenths „ Umber 

tenths Umbrage 

feet . . Unarm 



All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 



River above zero of gauge. 



Rise. 
Skirmish i tenth 

Skulk 2 tenths . 

Skulking 3 tenths 

Skull 4 tenths 

Skylark 5 tenths 

Skyward 6 tenths . 



tenths 



Fall. 
Unbar 

.Unbend 
Unbias 
Unbid 
Unbind 

.Unblest 
Unbolt 



8 tenths Unborn 

9 tenths Unbound 
4*5 feet Uncase 



1 tenth 



Slacken 

Slackness 

Slander 

Slash 

Slate 

Slating' 2 tenths 

Slaughter 3 tenths 

Slave 4 tenths 

Slavery 5 tenths 

Slavish 6 tenths 

Slay 7 tenths 

Sled 8 tenths 

Sledge 9 tenths 

Sleeping 46 feet Undo 

Sleepless 1 tenth Undone 

Sleepy 2 tenths Undraw 

Sleet 3 tenths Undress 

vSleeve 4 tenths Undue 

Sleighing 5 tenths Uneasy 

Slender 6 tenths Unfair 



Unchain 

Unclasp 

Uncle 

Unclean 

Unclog 

Uncork 

Uncouth 

Uncover 

Uncurl 



Slew 7 tenths 

Slice . 8 tenths. 

Slide / 9 tenths 

Sloop : 47 feet . 

Slumber 1 tenth 

Sly ... 

Smack 

Small 4 tenths 

Smart 5 tenths 



Unfit 
Unfold 
Unfurl 
.Uniform 
Union 

2 tenths Unison 

3 tenths Unite 

Unity- 
Unjoin 



Smell 6 tenths Unjust 

Smile 7 tenths Unkind 

Smith : 8 tenths Unknown 

Smoke 9 tenths Unlace 

Snake 48 feet Unlock 



All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



30 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 



River above zero of gauge. 

Rise. Fall. 
Snow i tenth Unmanly- 
Snuff 2 tenths Unmask 

Soda 3 tenths Unripe 

Solder 4 tenths Unroll 

Soon 5 tenths Unruly 

Sorrow 6 tenths Unsafe 

South 7 tenths Unsay 

Space 8 tenths Unsound 

Spain - 9 tenths Untie 

Spark 49 feet Unwell 

Speed i tenth • Upset 

Splice 2 tenths _ . . Upton 

Sponge 3 tenths Urchin 

Spread 4 tenths Urge 

Spring 5 tenths Usage 

Spruce . 6 tenths Useful 

Square 7 tenths Usher 

Squint ■ 8 tenths Usual 

Stage 9 tenths Usurp 

Starch •?© feet Ubi 

Stab i tenth . Uber 

Stable 2 tenths Udder 

Stack 3 tenths Ukase 

Staff 4 tenths Ullage 

Staid 5 tenths Ulnar 

Stain = __ = : _ -^ 6 tenths Umbel 

Stair 7 tenths Umbra 

Stake 8 tenths Umbrel 

Stalk 9 tenths Unapt 

Stammer 5\ feet Undock 

Stanch i tenth Unmoor 

Stang 2 tenths Unmove 

Stank 3 tenths Unnerve 

Staple 4 tenths Unoil 

Star 5 tenths Unown 

Stare -. 6 tenths Unpart 

Stark 7 tenths Unpave 

Start 8 tenths Unpay 

Starve 9 tenths Unpen 

Station --SUB feet Uncap 

All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



31 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 
River above zero of gauge. 

Rise. Fall. 

Statist i tenth Unrig 

Statue 2 tenths Unright 

Stave 3 tenths Unring 

Stays 4 tenths Unriot 

Stead 5 tenths Unroot 

Steal 6 tenths Unsaid 

Steam 7 tenths Unseat 

Steane 8 tenths Unseen 

Steel 9 tenths Unset 

Steg *i«l feet Unshape 

Stella i tenth Unsheath 

Stem 2 tenths Unship 

Stench 3 tenths Unshod 

Stent . 4 tenths Unshook 

Step 5 tenths Unshorn 

Stere 6 tenths Unshot 

Sterile 7 tenths Unshrunk 

Stern 8 tenths Unshut 

Steve 9 tenths Unsoft 

Stibal JH4t feet Unsown 

Stick i tenth Unspeak 

Stiff 2 tenths Unsped 

Stiffen 3 tenths v Unspent 

Stiffness 4 tenths Unspied 

Stifle 5 tenths Unsplit 

Stigh 6 tenths Unspot 

vStigma 7 tenths Unstaid 

Stile 8 tenths Unstate 

Still 9 tenths Unstop 

Stinger && feet Untaint 

Stink i tenth Untame 

Stint 2 tenths Untaste 

Stipe 3 tenths Untax 

Stipend 4 tenths Unteach 

Stipple 5 tenths Untent 

Stiptic 6 tenths Until 

Stir 7 tenths Unto 

Stirk 8 tenths Untomb 

Strip 9 tenths Untried 

Stoak 56 feet Untune 

All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



32 

RIVER REPORT IN FEET AND TENTHS OF A FOOT. 
River above zero of gauge. 

Rise. Fall. 

Stockade i tenth Untwine 

Stock 2 tenths Untwist 

Stocking 3 tenths Unuse 

Stoic 4 tenths Unusual 

Stoke 5 tenths Unvail 

Stoll 6 tenths Unvex 

Stomach 7 tenths Unvote 

Stone 8 tenths Unwarp 

Stood 9 tenths Unwary 

Stoor 57 feet Unwept 

Stopper i tenth Unwet 

Stopple 2 tenths . . Unwield 

Storage 3 tenths Unwind 

Store a 4 tenths Unwise 

Storial 5 tenths Unwound 

Stork 6 tenths Unwrap 

Storm 7 tenths Unwrung 

Story 8 tenths Unyoke 

Stot 9 tenths Unzone 

Stout 118 feet Upgrow 

Stove i tenth Upheave 

Stow 2 tenths Uphold 

Straddle / 3 tenths Upland 

Straggle 4 tenths Uplay 

Straight 5 tenths Upled 

Strain 6 tenths Uplift 

Strait 7 tenths Uplook 

Strake 8 tenths Upon 

Strand 9 tenths Upper 

Strap lif) feet . Uprise 

Strata i tenth Uproar 

Strategy ' 2 tenths Upshot 

Stratagem 3 tenths Upstart 

Stratum 4 tenths Upstear 

Straw 5 tenths Upstrain 

Stray 6 tenths Upturn 

Streak 7 tenths Upward 

Stream 8 tenths Upwind 

Street 9 tenths Urbane 

Stretch 60 feet Usure 

All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



33 



0.00 to 0.49 inch. 
*Johnson 
o.oi Rabbit 
0.02 Rabble 
0.03 Raccoon 
0.04 Race 
0.05 Racer 
0.06 Rack 
0.07 Racket 
0.08 Racy 
0.09 Raddock 
0.10 Radiant 
0.1 1 Radiate 
0.12 Radical 
0.13 Radish 
0.14 Radius 
0.15 Raffle 
0.16 Raft 
0.17 Rafting 
0.18 Rag 
0.19 Rage 
0.20 Rageful 
0.21 Ragged 
0.22 Ragman 
0.23 Raid 
0.24 Rail 
0.25 Railing 
0.26 Rain 
0.27 Rainbow 
0.28 Rainless 
0.29 Rainy 
0.30 Raise 
0.31 Raisin 
0.32 Rake 
0.33 Raking 
0.34 Rally 
0.35 Ramage 
0.36 Ramble 
0.37 Rampage 
0.38 Rampant 
0.39 Ramrod 
0.40 Ransom 
0.41 Ranche 
0.42 Rancid 
0.43 Rancor 
0.44 Random 
0.45 Range 
0.46 Ranger 
0.47 Rank 
0.48 Rankness 
0.49 Ransack 



RAINFALL SINCE LAST REPORT. 
In inches and hundredths of an inch. 



O 

PI 

03 

■ — 1 
<r> 

B 

u 

o 



a 
•1-1 

O 

o 



+3 

03 
03 

O 



0.50 to 0.99 inch. 


0.50 
°-5i 


Rap 
Rapid 


0.52 


Rapine 


°-53 
o-54 


Rapture 
Rascal 


°-55 


Rash 


0.56 Rashly 
0.57 Rashness 


0.58 


Rat 


°-59 


Rather 


0.60 
0.61 


Ratify 
Ratio 


0.62 


Ration 


0.63 


Rattle 


0.64 Ravage 
0.65 Ravel 


0.66 


Raven 


0.67 


Ravish 


0.68 Rawley 
0.69 Raymond 


0.70 


Razor 


0.71 
0.72 


Reaching 
Read 


0.73 
0.74 

o-75 
0.76 


Reading 
Ready 
Really 
Ream 


0.77 
0.78 


Reap 
Rear 


0.79 


Reason 


0.80 


Rebate 


0.81 


Rebel 


0.82 


Rebound 


0.83 


Rebuff 


0.84 


Rebuild 


0.85 


Rebuke 


0.86 


Rebut 


0.87 


Recall 


0.88 


Recast 


0.89 


Recede 


0.90 
0.91 


Receipt 
Receive 


0.92 


Recent 


°-93 
0.94 


Reception 
Recess 


°-95 
0.96 


Rechange 
Recite 


0.97 


Reckless 


0.98 


Reckon 


0.99 


Reclaim 



* This word must be used in telegrams for rainfall when rain has fallen since the 
last report, hut the amount found in the gauge is less than 0.01 of an inch. 
All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 
959—3 



34 



RAINFALL SINCE LAST REPORT. 



1.00 to 1.49 inches, 
i.oo Reclasp 
i.oi Recline 
i.o2 Reclining 

1.03 Recluse 

1.04 Recoil 

1.05 Record 

1.06 Recount 

1.07 Recourse 

1.08 Recover 

1.09 Recruit 

1. 10 Rector 

1.1 1 Recur 

1. 1 2 Recusant 

1. 13 Red 

1. 14 Redden 

1. 15 Redeem 

1. 1 6 Redoubt 

1. 1 7 Redound 

1. 18 Redraw 

1. 19 Redress 

1.20 Reduce 

1. 2 1 Reed 

1.22 Reef 

1.23 Refer 

1.24 Refill 

1.25 Refine 

1.26 Refit 

1.27 Reflect 

1.28 Refloat 

1.29 Reflux 

1.30 Refold 

1.3 1 Reforge 

1.32 Reform 

1.33 Refrain 

1.34 Refresh 

1.35 Refuge 

1.36 Refund 

1.37 Refusal 

1.38 Refuse 

1.39 Refute 

1.40 Regain 

1. 41 Regal 

1.42 Regard 

1.43 Regatta 

1.44 Regent 

1.45 Regiment 

1.46 Region 

1.47 Register 

1.48 Regrade 

1.49 Regret 



In inches and hundredths of an inch. 



O 

a 

CO 

CD 

CD 

a 

u 
o 



a 
•1-1 

c6 

Sh 

Cm 
O 

CO 

CD 

o 

•l-H 



a 

CD 
CD 

CD 

m 



1.50 to 1.99 inches. 

50 Regular 

51 Regulate 

52 Rehash 

53 Rehearse 

54 Reject 

55 Rejoice 

56 Rejoin 

57 Rejudge 

58 Relapse 

59 Relate 

60 Relation 

61 Relative 

62 Relator 

63 Relax 

64 Relaying 

65 Release 

66 Relent 

67 Relenting 

68 Reliance 

69 Relic 

70 Relief 

71 Relieve 

72 Religion 

73 Relish 

74 Reload 

75 Reluctant 

76 Rely 

77 Remade 

78 Remain 

79 Remake 

80 Remand 

81 Remark 

82 Remedy 

83 Remember 

84 Reminder 

85 Remiss 

86 Remit 

87 Remnant 

88 Remodel 

89 Remold 

90 Remorse 

91 Remote 

92 Remotely 

93 Remount 

94 Removal 

95 Remove 

96 Render 

97 Renerve 

98 Renew 

99 Rennet 



All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



35 



RAINFALL SINCE LAST REPORT. 



In inches and hundredths of an inch. 



2.00 to 2.49 inches. 

2.00 Renown 

2.01 Rent 

2.02 Rental 

2.03 Replace 

2.04 Repack 

2.05 Repaint 

2.06 Repair 

2.07 Repast 

2.08 Repay 

2.09 Repeal 

2.10 Repeater 

2. 1 1 Repel 

2.12 Repent 

2.13 Repine 

2.14 Replacing 

2.15 Replant 

2.16 Repleat 

2.17 Replevin 

2.18 Replevy 

2.19 Replunge 

2.20 Reply • 

2.21 Report 

2.22 Reposal 

2.23 Repose 

2.24 Repress 

2.25 Reprieve 

2.26 Reprint 

2.27 Reproach 

2.28 Reproof 

2.29 Reprove 

2.30 Reptile 

2.31 Repugn 

2.32 Repulse 

2.33 Repute 

2.34 Request 

2.35 Require 

2.36 Rescind 

2.37 Rescue 

2.38 Research 

2.39 Resend 

2.40 Reserve 

2.41 Reset 

2.42 Reship 

2.43 Reside 

2.44 Resident 

2.45 Resign 

2.46 Resin 

2.47 Resist 

2.48 Resolute 

2.49 Resolve 



o 
a 

03 

CD 

■— I 

o 



a 
•1-1 

o3 
f-, 

o 

02 
<D 

O 

PI 
■1-1 

CO 

9 

PI 

CD 
CD 

CD 

W 



2.50 to 2.99 inches 


2.50 


Resort 


2-5 1 


Resound 


2.52 


Resource 


2 -53 


Respect 


2-54 


Respite 


2 -55 


Respond 


2.56 


Response 


2-57 


Rest 


2.58 


Restful 


2-59 


Resting 


2.60 


Restless 


2.61 


Restore 


2.62 


Restrain 


2.63 


Restrict 


2.64 


Result 


2.65 


Resume 


2.66 


Retail 


2.67 


Retainer 


2.68 


Retake 


2.69 


Retard 


2.70 


Retire 


2.71 


Retort 


2.72 


Retouch 


2-73 


Retrace 


2.74 


Retreat 


2-75 


Retrench 


2.76 


Retrieve 


2.77 


Return 


2.78 


Reunion 


2.79 


Reveal 


2.80 


Revenge 


2.81 


Revenue 


2.82 


Reverse 


2.83 


Revert 


2.84 


Review 


2.85 


Revince 


2.86 


Revise 


2.87 


Revival 


2.88 


Revive 


2.89 


Revoke 


2.90 


Revolt 


2.91 


Revolve 


2.92 


Rewake 


2-93 


Reward 


2.94 


Rhubarb 


2-95 


Ribbon 


2.96 


Rich 


2.97 


Richly 


2.98 


Richness 


2.99 


Rickets 



All cipher-words must be printed distinctly. 



36 



RAINFALL SINCE LAST REPORT 
In inches and hundredths of an inch. 



3.00 to 3.49 inches. 


3.00 


Riddance 


3.01 


Riddle 


3.02 


Ride 


3-°3 


Ridge 


3-°4 


Riding 


3-°5 


Rife 


3.06 


Rifle 


3-°7 


Riggs 


3.08 


Rigging 


3-°9 


Right 


3.10 


Rightful 


3 11 


Rigid 


3.12 


Rigor 


3- J 3 


Rimple 


3-M 


Ring 


3-i5 


Ringlet 


3.16 


Rinse 


3- x 7 


Riot 


3.18 


Ripen 


3-J9 


Ripley 


3.20 


Ripple 


3.21 


Rise 


3.22 


Risk 


3- 2 3 


Rival 


3- 2 4 


River 


3- 2 5 


Roach 


3.26 


Roadway 


3- 2 7 


Roaming 


3.28 


Roars 


3- 2 9 


Roast 


3-3° 


Roasting 


3-3* 


Robbery 


3-3 2 


Robin 


3-33 


Robe 


3-34 


Robert 


3-35 


Robust 


3.36 Rocky 


3-37 


Roddy 


3.38 Rogers 


3-39 ~ 


Rogue 


3-4o 


Roll 


3-4i 


Rolling 


3-4 2 


Roman 


3-43 


Romance 


3-44 


Roof 


3-45 


Root 


3.46 Rope 


3-47 


Rosary 


3-48 


Rosette 


3-49 


Rosland 


When the amount 


words must be used 



is 

o 

CQ 

(D 

+3 

1— I 

<D 

B 

u 
O 



a 
•1-1 

eg 

u 

o 

m 
<a 

o 

a 

• l-H 

a 

c6 
CO 

a 

a> 

(D 

I 

a> 

m 



3.50 to 4.00 inches. 


3-5° 


Ross 


3-5 1 


Roster 


3-5 2 


Rostrum 


3-53 


Rosy 


3-54 


Rotary 


3-55 


Rotate 


3-5 6 


Rotten 


3-57 


Rotunda 


3-58 


Rough 


3-59 


Roughly 


3.60 


Round 


3.61 


Rouse 


3.62 


Rousing 


3- 6 3 


Route 


3-64 


Routine 


3-65 


Roving 


3.66 


Row 


3.67 Rowdy 


3.68 


Royal 


3-69 


Rub 


3-7° 


Rubbage 


3-7 1 


Rubber 


3-7 2 


Rubbing 


3-73 


Rubbish 


3-74 


Ruby 


3-75 


Rudder 


3-76 


Rude 


3-77 


Rudeness 


3-78 


Ruffian 


3-79 


Rufus 


3.80 


Rugged 


3.81 


Ruinous 


3.82 


Rule 


3-83 


Ruling 


3.84 Rummage 


3-8 5 


Rumor 


3.86 


Rumpus 


3-87 


Run 


3.88 


Running 


3.89 Ruption 


3-9° 


Rural 


3-9 1 


Rusking 


3-9 2 


Russell 


3-93 


Russia 


3-94 


Rust 


3-95 


Rustic 


3.96 Rusty 


3-97 


Ruth 


3-9 8 


Rutland 


3-99 


Rutter 



4.00 Rutledge. 
of rainfall since the last report exceeds four inches, two or more 
to express it in the telegram. .- 

All cipher- words must be printed distinctly. 



37 

DEPTH OF SNOW ON GROUND. 

At time of observation. 

For i inch of snow send the word One 

2 do Two 

3 do. .Three 

4 do 1 _ Four 

5... do Five 

6 do Six 

7 do Seven 

8 ...do Eight 

9 do . Nine 

10 do Ten 

11 do. Eleven 

12 do Twelve 

13. do .Thirteen 

14 do Fourteen 

&c &c &c. &c. 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




